<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>ACHCHHAR SI&#7748GH JATHED&#256R (1892-1976)</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279ACHCHHAR SI&#7748GH, JATHED&#256R (1892-1976), a Gurdw&#257r&#257 official and Ak&#257l&#299 politician who twice held office as Jathed&#257r (provost) of Sr&#299 Ak&#257l Ta<u>kh</u>t at Amritsar, was born on 18 January 1892 in a farming family of modest means at Gha&#7751&#299e&#7749ke, a village in Lahore district. The youngest son of Hukam Si&#7749gh and Ga&#7749g&#299, he learnt to read Gurmukh&#299 letters and to recite the Scripture at the village <i>gurdw&#257r&#257</i>. At the age of 15, he migrated to Burma, where he learnt Burmese and Urdu. As he grew up, Achchhar Si&#7749gh enlisted in the Burmese military police. During World War I (1914-18), Burmese military police was converted into a regular army battalion and drafted to Mesopotamia (now Iraq). Achchhar Si&#7749gh served there for about three years. At the end of the war in 1918, his unit was stationed at &#7788o&#7749k, in the North West Frontier Province, until its departure back to Burma in 1920. In 1919, Achchhar Si&#7749gh married Mahindar Kaur of &#298chogil, a village in his native district of Lahore. He was promoted <i>havild&#257r</i>, or sergeant, in 1920. The news of the N&#257nk&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib massacre on 20 February 1921 came as a great shock to him. He resigned from the army and, returning to the Punjab, he made a visit to N&#257nk&#257&#326&#257 S&#257hib to pay homage to the memory of the martyrs. He joined the Central M&#257jh&#257 <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 D&#299w&#257n and plunged into the agitation for the reform of <i>gurdw&#257r&#257</i> management. As the Ak&#257l&#299 campaign at Jaito started, the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee and the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Ak&#257l&#299 Dal were outlawed on 12 October 1923, and arrests began to be made all over the Punjab. Among those held were two successive <i>jathed&#257rs</i> of the Ak&#257l Ta<u>kh</u>t-Tej&#257 Si&#7749gh Akarpur&#299 and &#362dham Si&#7749gh N&#257goke. Upon the latter's arrest, Achchhar Si&#7749gh was, on 10 February 1924, appointed to the high religious office. He, too, was taken into custody on 7 May 1924, was tried and sentenced to one and a half year in jail. Upon his release from the Central Jail at Mi&#257&#7749w&#257l&#299 at the end of 1925, he resumed his office in Amritsar which he retained until Tej&#257 Si&#7749gh Akarpur&#299 was set free in September 1926.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䄀洀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 攀搀椀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀匀栀攀爀ⴀ椀ⴀ倀甀渀樀愀戀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 愀 挀漀ⴀ瀀爀椀猀漀渀攀爀 椀渀 䴀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 樀愀椀氀 愀渀搀 眀栀漀 眀愀猀 渀漀眀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀 㰀椀㸀最甀爀搀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀⼀椀㸀 挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀猀甀愀搀攀搀 䨀愀琀栀攀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䄀挀栀挀栀栀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 琀漀 琀愀欀攀 漀瘀攀爀 愀猀 㰀椀㸀最爀愀渀琀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀琀 䜀甀爀搀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀  ☀⌀㜀㘀㤀㈀攀栀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 椀渀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 ㄀㐀 礀攀愀爀猀 栀攀 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㤀㐀　Ⰰ 栀攀 洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀 愀猀 愀㰀椀㸀最爀愀渀琀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䠀愀爀椀洀愀渀搀愀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 琀栀攀爀攀 甀渀琀椀氀 栀椀猀 爀攀猀椀最渀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㘀㈀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 ㄀㤀㔀㔀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㘀㈀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 䨀愀琀栀攀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 吀愀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀琀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 匀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀最椀琀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 愀爀爀攀猀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀洀椀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀愀爀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 匀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀椀戀 漀渀 㐀 䨀甀氀礀 ㄀㤀㔀㔀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 眀愀猀 爀攀氀攀愀猀攀搀 琀眀漀 搀愀礀猀 氀愀琀攀爀⸀ 䠀攀 栀攀愀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 倀愀樀 倀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀攀 渀愀洀攀搀 琀漀 樀甀搀最攀 椀昀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 栀愀搀 渀漀琀 瘀椀漀氀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 瘀漀眀 甀渀搀攀爀琀愀欀攀渀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 吀愀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 猀琀愀爀琀椀渀最 栀椀猀 昀愀猀琀ⴀ甀渀琀漀ⴀ搀攀愀琀栀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 漀戀樀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 愀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀ⴀ猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 猀琀愀琀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 倀愀樀 倀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀 挀氀漀猀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀椀爀挀甀洀猀琀愀渀挀攀猀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀戀愀渀搀漀渀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀愀猀琀 愀渀搀 漀渀 ㈀㤀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㘀㄀ 瀀爀漀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 最甀椀氀琀礀 漀昀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 瀀攀爀樀甀爀攀搀 栀椀猀 瀀氀攀搀最攀 愀渀搀 戀氀攀洀椀猀栀攀搀 琀栀攀爀攀戀礀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀攀氀椀最椀漀甀猀 猀琀攀愀搀昀愀猀琀渀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 猀愀挀爀椀昀椀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 渀漀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀猀 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 漀渀 匀愀渀琀 䘀愀琀攀栀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀✀猀 昀愀猀琀 眀栀椀挀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 猀愀椀搀Ⰰ 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 最椀瘀攀渀 甀瀀 甀渀搀攀爀 琀栀攀 漀爀搀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀愀樀 倀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀猀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最愀琀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀渀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 氀愀椀搀 甀渀搀攀爀 攀砀瀀椀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 愀挀焀甀椀攀猀挀攀搀 椀渀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 戀爀攀愀欀椀渀最 栀椀猀 昀愀猀琀⸀ 䴀愀猀琀攀爀 吀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 眀愀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 愀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀爀 瀀攀渀愀渀挀攀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Ak&#257l&#299 Dal split into two groups, one led by Sant Fateh Si&#7749gh and the other by Master T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh, Jathed&#257r Achchhar Si&#7749gh resigned the office of head of the Ak&#257l Ta<u>kh</u>t to join the latter. He was elected president of this party in November 1962. In his address at the 15th All-India Ak&#257l&#299 Conference held under his chairmanship at Karn&#257l on 7 December 1963, he pleaded for unity between the two Ak&#257l&#299 factions.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䨀愀琀栀攀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 䄀挀栀挀栀栀愀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 搀椀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀椀瘀椀氀 栀漀猀瀀椀琀愀氀 愀琀 䄀洀爀椀琀猀愀爀 漀渀 㘀 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㄀㤀㜀㘀 愀昀琀攀爀 愀 瀀爀漀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 椀氀氀渀攀猀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀䤀䈀∀㸀ഀഀ
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Sahni, Ruchi Ram, <i>Struggle for Reform in Sikh Shrines</i>. Ed. Ganda Singh. Amritsar, n. d.<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䜀甀氀愀琀椀Ⰰ 䬀愀椀氀愀猀栀 䌀栀愀渀搀攀爀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䄀欀愀氀椀猀 㨀 倀愀猀琀 愀渀搀 倀爀攀猀攀渀琀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㐀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Sukhdi&#257l Si&#7749gh, <i>Sr&#299 Ak&#257l Ta<u>kh</u>t S&#257hib. </i> Patiala, 1984<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀倀愀爀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瀀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 䜀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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